ÿþ<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"> <html><head> <title>Julio-Claudian Genealogy - Augustus</title></head> <body background="Augustus_bkgd_1.bmp" onLoad="window.moveTo(20,20); window.resizeTo(750,750);"> <!-- DYNASTY TITLE --> <div style="text-align:left; background-color:transparent; position:absolute; left:00px; top:20px; width:300px; height:40px; padding:0px;"> <table style="text-align:center; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: auto; background-color:yellow;" border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"><colgroup span="2"><col span="1" width=300></col></colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(127, 0, 255); "> <b><div style="color:yellow; text-align:center;">&#160;· The Julio-Claudian Dynasty ·&#160;</div></b> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <!-- CLOSE-WINDOW CODE --> <div style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent; position:absolute; left:80%; top:20px; width:50px; height:25px; padding:0px;"> <a tabindex=1 href="JavaScript:window.close()">Close</a> </div> <!-- PAGE TITLE --> <div style="text-align:left; background-color:transparent; position:absolute; left:15px; top:60px; width:400px; height:60px; padding:00px;"> <p><span style="color:darkgreen"><span style="font-size:larger;">Augustus</span><br> C. Julius Caesar Octavianus<br> Emperor 27 <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">b.c.</span> - 14 <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">a.d.</span></span></p> </div> <div style="text-align:left; background-color:transparent; position:absolute; left:00px; top:150px; width:auto; height:360px; margin-left:10px; margin-right:10px; padding:00px;"> <!-- START OF PAGE CONTENT --> <p><span style="color:green">Octavius</span>, son of C. Octavius (from the knightly branch of the Octavian family and elevated by C. Julius Caesar to the Senate), <span style="color:green">had been adopted by Caesar in his will</span> and, in accordance with the Romans normal practice, had thereupon assumed the names of his adoptive father&#160;:&#160; C. Julius Caesar Octavianus.&#160; (The <em>cognomen</em> Octavianus was patronymic, i.e. it signified his natural father&#160;;&#160; once he had been so adopted he would have been referred to as Caesar and not  except perhaps disrespectfully  by this name&#160;;&#160; for clarity historians customarily refer to him during the period between his adoption, in the wake of the death of Caesar, and the Senate s conferring upon him the name Augustus  27&#160;<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">b.c.</span>  as Octavian.)</p> <p>The first marriage of Octavian (Augustus)  to the young Clodia, daughter of P. Clodius Pulcher and Fulvia Flacca Bambula in 43&#160;<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">b.c.</span>  was arranged by Fulvia as a means of cementing the fragile political alliance with <a tabindex=20 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Antony" target="_blank" title="Wikipedia article on Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>, to whom Fulvia was now married.&#160; Not only was the marriage unconsummated&#160;;&#160; it gave rise to social complications for Octavian, so he sought a divorce, which provoked his mother-in-law to raise several legions against him&#160;:&#160; extreme, even by the standards of Les Dawson s mother-in-law.</p> <p>Anyway, <em>multa longa</em> (as they say in Rome), by way of promoting an alliance with <a tabindex=30 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextus_Pompey" target="_blank" title="Wikipedia article on Sextus Pompey">Sextus Pompey</a>, in 40&#160;<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">b.c.</span> Octavian married Scribonia (five years his senior, which was unusual in ancient Rome)&#160;;&#160; about a year later she would bear his only child, Julia, apparently on the day he divorced her for nagging him.&#160; The course of true love, eh&#160;?</p> <p>His divorce from Scribonia was aimed at freeing him to marry Livia Drusilla&#160;;&#160; his third wife would survive him by fifteen years.</p> <p>In 25&#160;<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">b.c.</span> Julia  known to us as Julia Major  married her cousin M. Claudius Marcellus, who died two years later&#160;;&#160; they had no children.</p> <p><span style="color:green">Augustus eventually took personal control over raising the five children</span> she bore her next husband, <a tabindex=40 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Vipsanius_Agrippa" target="_blank" title="Wikipedia article on Agrippa">Agrippa</a>, <span style="color:green">adopting two of her three sons  Gaius and Lucius</span>  in 17&#160;<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">b.c.</span>&#160;:&#160; both were dead by 4&#160;<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">a.d.</span>&#160;;&#160; her third son, born after the death of Agrippa and named Agrippa Postumus, died in exile in 14&#160;<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">a.d.</span></p> <p>Julia would eventually be exiled for scandalous behaviour, dying of starvation  organized, it was said, by Tiberius  in 14&#160;<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">a.d.</span>&#160; (Some ascribed her death to heartbreak on learning of the death of her third son.)</p> <p>In 4&#160;<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">a.d.</span> <span style="color:green">Augustus adopted Tiberius</span>, now 46-years-old, who would succeed him.</p> <p>In order to control his succession  an enterprise at which he had worked extremely hard  he had adopted or otherwise nominated five men&#160;:&#160; his general <span style="color:blue">Agrippa</span>, his nephew <span style="color:blue">Marcellus</span> (although it is thought he considered him too little experienced), his grandsons <span style="color:green">Gaius</span> and <span style="color:green">Lucius</span> and his stepson and eventual successor, <span style="color:green">Tiberius</span>.</p> <!-- END OF PAGE CONTENT --> </div> </body> </html>